Luxembourg City

The European Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union) is the EU's supreme judicial body, housed in a striking campus of gold-clad twin towers and modernist wings designed by architect Dominique Perrault on the Kirchberg plateau.

Notre-Dame Cathedral (Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Luxembourg) is a 17th-century former Jesuit church that became the country's only cathedral in 1870. It blends Late Gothic ribbed vaulting with Renaissance portals and Baroque organ lofts.

The Adolphe Bridge (Pont Adolphe) is Luxembourg City's best-known landmark - a grand double-arched stone viaduct spanning 153 metres across the Petrusse Valley, connecting the city centre to the Gare district.

The Grand Ducal Palace is the official residence of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the most prominent secular building in the old town. Its ornate Flemish Renaissance facade on Rue du Marche-aux-Herbes dates from 1572, with later Spanish-Moorish additions.

The Kirchberg Plateau is Luxembourg's modern showpiece district, a planned quarter of bold EU institutions, contemporary museums, concert halls, and parkland connected to the old town by the Grande-Duchesse Charlotte Bridge (Red Bridge).

The Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial is the final resting place of 5,076 American service members who died in World War II, including General George S. Patton Jr. Maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission, the 50-acre site is immaculately kept.

Gelle Fra ('Golden Lady') is a gilded female figure standing atop a 21-metre granite obelisk on the Constitution Square (Place de la Constitution). She symbolises freedom and commemorates Luxembourg's volunteers who died in World War I.

The Bock Casemates are a vast network of underground tunnels and galleries carved into the sandstone of the Bock promontory, the very rock on which Luxembourg was founded in 963 AD. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, these 17 km of passages once sheltered up to 35,000 soldiers and their horses during sieges.

MUDAM (Musee d'Art Moderne Grand-Duc Jean) is Luxembourg's flagship contemporary art museum, housed in a luminous limestone-and-glass building designed by I. M. Pei atop the remains of Fort Thungen on the Kirchberg plateau.

Philharmonie Luxembourg is a world-class concert hall seating 1,500 in its Grand Auditorium, designed by French architect Christian de Portzamparc. Its cluster of slender white columns has become an architectural icon of the Kirchberg plateau.

Fort Thungen, popularly known as the 'Three Acorns' (Drai Eechelen) for its distinctively capped towers, is a restored 18th-century Vauban-era fort on the Kirchberg plateau. It now houses the Fortress Museum, which tells the military history of Luxembourg.

Place Guillaume II (known locally as 'Knuedler') is the city's largest square, anchored by an equestrian statue of Grand Duke William II and flanked by the neo-classical City Hall. It hosts Luxembourg's main market twice a week.

Grand Rue is the main pedestrianised shopping artery of Luxembourg City's old town, running roughly north-south from the Grand Ducal Palace area to the Place d'Armes. It mixes international fashion chains with independent Luxembourg boutiques.

Neumuenster Abbey (Abbaye de Neumuenster) is a beautifully restored 17th-century Benedictine abbey in the Grund quarter, now serving as the city's premier cultural meeting centre with concerts, exhibitions, and public talks.

The Pfaffenthal Panoramic Elevator is a free-standing glass lift tower that connects the Ville Haute (upper city) to the Pfaffenthal neighbourhood and its train station, traversing a 60-metre cliff in 30 seconds.

Place d'Armes is the pedestrianised social hub of Luxembourg City's old town, lined with cafe terraces and chestnut trees. Originally the parade ground for the fortress garrison, it now hosts open-air concerts and seasonal markets.

Saint Michael's Church (Eglise Saint-Michel) is the oldest surviving religious site in Luxembourg City, founded in 987 on the site of Count Siegfried's original castle chapel. The current Romanesque-Gothic structure dates mostly from the 17th century.

Pfaffenthal is one of the quietest lower-town quarters, squeezed between the Alzette River and the Kirchberg cliff. Its narrow lanes of pastel-coloured houses and the Vauban circular towers give it a village feel minutes from the city centre.

The National Museum of Natural History (natur musee) sits in the Grund quarter and offers hands-on science exhibits spanning geology, zoology, ecology, and space.

Casino Luxembourg - Forum d'Art Contemporain is a laboratory for contemporary art occupying a stately 19th-century casino building on Rue Notre-Dame. Despite its name, there is no gambling - only cutting-edge art, video installations, and artist residencies.