Old Windmill

Overview

The Old Windmill, also known as the Observatory, is the oldest surviving structure in Brisbane and one of only two convict-built buildings remaining in Queensland. Perched atop Spring Hill at Wickham Terrace, the 1828 stone tower is a rare relic of Brisbane's penal colony origins.

Highlights

• Convict history: Built by convict labour in 1828, the windmill was designed to grind maize but its sails never worked properly, requiring convicts to operate a treadmill instead.
• Second use: It later served as a signal station, fire lookout, and the site of early television experiments in Queensland.
• Views: The elevated Spring Hill position offers views across the CBD and surrounding suburbs.

History

Commissioned by Captain Patrick Logan, commandant of the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, the windmill was completed in 1828. Its failed design meant convicts were forced to turn the grindstone by hand — a notoriously harsh punishment. It is heritage-listed at both state and national level.

Visitor Tips

• Tip 1: The tower is visible from Wickham Terrace but the interior is not regularly open to the public — check for occasional Open House events.
• Tip 2: Combine with a walk along Wickham Terrace past other heritage buildings.
• Duration: 10–15 minutes.