St. Casimir's Church

Overview

The Church of St. Casimir (Šv. Kazimiero bažnyčia) is the oldest baroque church in Vilnius, built between 1604 and 1615 by the Jesuits. Its distinctive crown-shaped cupola, symbolising the royal crown of St. Casimir, is a unique feature on the city's skyline. The church has served variously as a grain warehouse, an Orthodox church, and the Museum of Atheism during Soviet times.

Highlights

• Crown cupola: The only crown-shaped dome in Lithuania, topped by a gilded cross.
• Baroque interior: Richly decorated with marble altars, gilded woodwork, and frescoes restored after independence.
• Historical layers: The building's turbulent history is visible in the mix of baroque, neoclassical, and Orthodox elements.

History

Built as the first Jesuit baroque church in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, it was dedicated to St. Casimir, patron saint of Lithuania. During the Napoleonic Wars, it was used as a granary. Under the Russian Empire, it was converted to an Orthodox church. The Soviets turned it into the Museum of Atheism in 1966. Restored to Catholic worship in 1991.

Visitor Tips

• Tip 1: Look up at the cupola from inside — the crown motif is visible in the architectural detailing.
• Tip 2: The church is on Didžioji Street, the continuation of Pilies Street — easy to visit while walking the Old Town.
• Duration: 15–25 minutes.