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Palazzo Madama encapsulates 2,000 years of Turin's history: Roman gate, medieval fortress, baroque palace, and first Italian Senate. Today it houses the Museo Civico d'Arte Antica, with collections spanning Roman mosaics to Baroque painting.
The building incorporates the foundations of the eastern Roman gate (Porta Decumana). It was transformed into a castle in the 13th century, then remodelled as a residence for the two 'Madame Reali' — Christine Marie and Maria Giovanna Battista of Savoy — in the 17th century. Juvarra added the grandiose staircase and facade in 1718–21.