Rotunda of Galerius

Overview

The Rotunda is one of the oldest and most impressive Roman structures in Greece, built around 306 AD as part of Emperor Galerius's palace complex. It has served as a pagan temple, a Christian church, and a mosque, making it a living testament to Thessaloniki's layered history. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Highlights

• Dome: At 24.5 meters in diameter, it is one of the largest Roman domes still standing.
• Byzantine Mosaics: Fragments of stunning 4th-century golden mosaics survive in the dome.
• Minaret: The sole remaining minaret from the Ottoman conversion, visible from outside.

History

Emperor Galerius built the Rotunda around 306 AD, likely as his mausoleum. It was converted to a church in the late 4th century and then to the Mosque of Suleyman Hortaji Effendi in 1590. Since 1912 it has functioned as a museum and occasional church.

Visitor Tips

• Photography: The interior light is best in mid-morning.
• Combine: Visit together with the nearby Arch of Galerius.
• Duration: 30–45 minutes.