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The Jewish Quarter in the southeastern corner of the Old Town is centred on the Kahal Shalom Synagogue — the oldest synagogue in Greece, dating to 1577. A small museum documents the community's 2,300-year history and its tragic destruction in the Holocaust.
Jews have lived on Rhodes since at least the 2nd century BC. The Sephardic community grew after 1522 when the Ottomans welcomed Jewish settlers. By 1939 the community numbered around 2,000. In July 1944, the Nazis deported 1,673 Jews to Auschwitz; only 151 survived.