Saint Sofia Church

Overview

Saint Sofia Church is the second-oldest church in the capital and the building from which the city takes its modern name. Dating back to the 6th century, this brick basilica stands on the foundations of several even earlier churches, the first dating to the 4th century.

Highlights

• Ancient Mosaic Floor: Fragments of a beautifully preserved 4th-century mosaic floor remain visible inside.
• Underground Necropolis: The museum beneath the church reveals Roman tombs, painted burial chambers, and ruins of four earlier churches.
• Eternal Flame: An eternal flame memorial burns outside the church, honoring Bulgaria's Unknown Soldier.

History

Built during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, the church survived Ottoman conversion into a mosque and later served as a fire watchtower. Two earthquakes destroyed the Ottoman minaret, which was seen as a sign, and the mosque was abandoned. The church was restored in the early 20th century.

Visitor Tips

• Underground Museum: Don't miss the underground museum—it's one of Sofia's most atmospheric archaeological spaces.
• Combine: Pair with a visit to the adjacent Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, just 100 metres away.
• Duration: 20–30 minutes.