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Cologne's Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) are small brass-topped cobblestones set into pavements outside the last voluntary residences of victims of National Socialism. Created by artist Gunter Demnig — who began the project in Cologne in 1992 — the city has over 2,500 stones, more than any other city in the world.
Gunter Demnig illegally installed the first Stolpersteine in Cologne in 1992. The project went official in 2000 and has since expanded to over 100,000 stones across 30 countries.