Temple of Literature

Overview

The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu) is Vietnam's first national university, founded in 1070 under Emperor Lý Thánh Tông. This beautifully preserved Confucian complex is one of Hanoi's most important cultural landmarks.

Highlights

• Stelae of Doctors: 82 stone tortoise-mounted stelae inscribed with 1,307 doctoral graduates from 1484–1780.
• Khue Van Pavilion: The iconic double-roofed structure featured on the 100,000 VND banknote.
• Five Courtyards: Tranquil walled gardens, each representing a stage in the journey of learning.

History

Dedicated to Confucius in 1070, the temple became the Imperial Academy (Quốc Tử Giám) in 1076, educating Vietnam's mandarin bureaucracy for over 700 years.

Visitor Tips

• Best time: Early morning to avoid tour groups.
• Dress code: Modest attire is respectful though not strictly enforced.
• Duration: 1–1.5 hours.