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The Archiginnasio served as the main building of the University of Bologna from 1563 to 1803. Its walls, ceilings, and vaults are covered with over 7,000 coats of arms of former rectors and students.
Commissioned in 1562 and designed by Antonio Morandi, it was deliberately built adjacent to San Petronio to prevent the basilica's expansion. After the university moved in 1803, it became Bologna's most important public library.