Saqqara Necropolis

Overview

Saqqara is a vast ancient burial ground stretching 7 km along the desert plateau west of Memphis. It served as the necropolis for the ancient capital for over 3,000 years, containing dozens of pyramids and hundreds of tombs.

Highlights

• Step Pyramid: The world's oldest monumental stone structure, built for Pharaoh Djoser around 2670 BC.
• Serapeum: An eerie underground labyrinth containing massive granite sarcophagi of the sacred Apis bulls, each weighing up to 70 tonnes.
• Tomb of Mereruka: The largest Old Kingdom mastaba tomb with 32 chambers covered in exquisitely detailed painted reliefs of daily life.

History

Used continuously from the First Dynasty (c. 3100 BC) through the Ptolemaic period, Saqqara was the royal cemetery of Memphis. Major new discoveries continue — in 2020, archaeologists unearthed over 100 sealed wooden coffins dating to 2,500 years ago.

Visitor Tips

• Separate Tickets: The main site, Serapeum, and certain tombs each require separate tickets — buy all needed at the main entrance.
• Sun Protection: There is almost no shade across the vast site; bring water, sunscreen, and a hat.
• Duration: 2.5–3 hours.