Saladin Citadel

Overview

The Citadel of Saladin is a massive medieval fortification perched on the Mokattam Hills, dominating Cairo's skyline. For nearly 700 years it served as Egypt's seat of government, housing sultans, Ottoman pashas, and khedives.

Highlights

• Panoramic Views: The ramparts offer sweeping views across all of Cairo — from the Pyramids of Giza on the western horizon to the Mokattam cliffs to the east.
• Military Museum: Housed in the former Harim Palace, it covers Egyptian military history from pharaonic times to the modern era.
• Al-Gawhara Palace: An ornate 19th-century throne room built by Muhammad Ali with French-inspired interiors.

History

Built by the great Kurdish general Saladin (Salah ad-Din) between 1176 and 1183 to defend Cairo against the Crusaders. It remained the centre of Egyptian government until Khedive Ismail relocated to the new Abdeen Palace downtown in the 1870s.

Visitor Tips

• Combined Ticket: The citadel ticket includes access to several museums inside. The Muhammad Ali Mosque is accessed separately.
• Uphill Walk: The approach is steep — take a taxi to the gate and walk down afterward.
• Duration: 1.5–2 hours.