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Fort Lovrijenac is a dramatic fortress perched on a 37-metre cliff outside the western walls, earning it the nickname 'Dubrovnik's Gibraltar'. The open-air theatre inside hosts the Dubrovnik Summer Festival's performances, including Hamlet.
Built in the 11th century to prevent Venetian domination of the western approach, the fort was a key piece in Dubrovnik's independence strategy. Its walls are up to 12 metres thick on the seaward side.