Hagia Sophia

Overview

Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) is one of the most extraordinary buildings in human history — a 6th-century Byzantine cathedral that served as a mosque, a museum, and is now a functioning mosque again. Its massive dome, seemingly floating on a ring of light, redefined architecture.

Highlights

• The Dome: 56 meters high and 31 meters wide, it was the world's largest dome for nearly a millennium.
• Byzantine Mosaics: Glittering gold-ground mosaics of Christ, the Virgin, and emperors survive alongside Islamic calligraphy.
• Weeping Column: A marble pillar with a hole said to grant wishes; pilgrims have worn the stone smooth over centuries.

History

Built by Emperor Justinian in just five years (532–537 AD), it was the world's largest cathedral for 1,000 years. Converted to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453, it became a museum in 1934 and was reconverted to a mosque in 2020.

Visitor Tips

• Dress Modestly: As an active mosque, head coverings for women and covered legs are required. Free scarves are available.
• Visit Between Prayers: The building closes briefly for prayer times — check the schedule.
• Duration: 1–1.5 hours.