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San Clemente is recognized as the ultimate "lasagna" of Roman history. It is a staggering, mind-bending archaeological site where you can physically descend straight down through three distinct, massive levels of different historical eras.
Because the city of Rome constantly flooded and collapsed over massive millennia, newer massive buildings were simply built over the massive buried ruins of older ones. The 12th-century builders simply filled the severely ruined 4th-century church with dirt and used its massive columns tightly as a foundation, sealing away the secret ancient cult temple far below it.