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Notre-Dame de Paris is an undisputed masterpiece of French Gothic architecture sitting gracefully on the Île de la Cité. World-famous for its flying buttresses and gargoyles, it remains the spiritual and historical heart of France.
Construction began in 1163 and took nearly 200 years to complete. It famously survived the French Revolution, inspired Victor Hugo's classic novel, and hosted Napoleon's coronation. On April 15, 2019, a devastating fire destroyed its roof and spire, leading to a monumental, globally watched restoration effort. The cathedral triumphantly reopened to the public on December 8, 2024.