Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran

Overview

San Giovanni in Laterano is the highest-ranking church in the Catholic world—it is actually the official cathedral of Rome and the seat of the Pope as the Bishop of Rome, outranking even St. Peter's Basilica.

Highlights

• The Borromini Nave: The spectacular, dramatic Baroque interior nave redesigned by master architect Francesco Borromini for the 1650 Jubilee.
• The Twelve Apostles: Look up at the massive, dynamic marble statues of the Apostles gazing down from the nave pillars.
• The Cloister: A breathtaking, peaceful ancient cloister featuring intricate, twisted columns inlaid with glittering Cosmatesque mosaics.

History

Founded by Emperor Constantine in 324 AD, it was the first Christian basilica built in Rome following the legalization of Christianity. Before the Papacy moved to Avignon in the 14th century (and subsequently to the Vatican), the Lateran Palace attached to this basilica was the official residence of the Popes for a thousand years.

Visitor Tips

• Security: Like all major papal basilicas, you must pass through airport-style security scanners and adhere to a strict dress code (shoulders and knees covered).
• The Holy Stairs: Located just across the street is the Scala Sancta, the wooden stairs famously believed to have been climbed by Jesus during his trial, which pilgrims climb strictly on their knees.
• Duration: 45–60 minutes.