Altar of the Fatherland

Overview

Dominating Piazza Venezia, the Altar of the Fatherland (Vittoriano) is a colossal, glaringly white marble monument built to honor Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy.

Highlights

• The Terraces: Climb the massive staircases for stunning views over the Roman Forum and the bustling Piazza Venezia below.
• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier: Guarded day and night by military sentries, this somber shrine burns an eternal flame for Italy's fallen.
• The Quadrigas: The two towering bronze statues of Victoria riding four-horse chariots that crown the highest points of the monument.

History

Constructed between 1885 and 1935, its design was highly controversial. It required the demolition of a massive medieval neighborhood, and Romans famously deride it as the "Typewriter" or the "Wedding Cake" due to its overwhelming size and brilliantly white Brescian marble, which completely clashes with the surrounding ancient ruins.

Visitor Tips

• The Elevators: Don't just walk halfway up—pay the small fee to take the glass elevators to the very roof (Terrazza delle Quadrighe) for arguably the best 360-degree panoramic view of Rome.
• Etiquette: Guards will strictly prohibit sitting on the marble steps or eating anywhere on the monument.
• Duration: 45–60 minutes.